Introduction:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is deeply transforming societies at the global level, posing both critical opportunities and challenges in areas such as data governance and privacy. In response to these changes, different international organizations have developed regulatory, ethical and governance frameworks that address AI regulation, data protection and privacy from different angles. With this report I try, without exhaustiveness, to make a mini REPOSITORIO that compiles some of the main global instruments in this field, facilitating a holistic and accessible vision for the actors involved in the development and regulation of AI.
OECD Manual: AI-Privacy Synergies:
The OECD Manual on AI, Data Governance and Privacy (June 2024) is one of the most recent frameworks for promoting international cooperation on these issues. While not binding, it highlights the need to harmonize policies that manage the risks of generation AI and privacy aspects. GDPR is a key reference in this manual, as it sets out important principles on the processing of personal data, which are integrated into many of the proposed frameworks for regulating AI.
Focus:
It encourages cooperation between data protection authorities and those that oversee AI. It shows how GDPR principles can serve as a basis for new AI regulations.
It encourages cooperation between data protection authorities and those that oversee AI. It shows how GDPR principles can serve as a basis for new AI regulations.
EU AI Regulation: A Binding Legal Framework:
The EU AI Act (EU AI Act) Regulation, adopted in 2024, sets out a binding and extraterritorial approach, categorizing AI systems according to the level of risk they represent. This Regulation complements GDPR and strengthens the protection of fundamental rights, particularly in relation to the use of personal data and automated decision-making.
Focus:
Linking in the EU and extraterritorial. Regulates the use of AI with a risk-based approach and complements GDPR to protect privacy rights.
Linking in the EU and extraterritorial. Regulates the use of AI with a risk-based approach and complements GDPR to protect privacy rights.
Council of Europe Convention: Ethics and Human Rights:
The Council of Europe Convention on AI focuses on the protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law in the context of AI. Although it is not globally binding, except for signatories, such as the European Commission itself, it provides an ethical reference that reinforces the principles of transparency, accountability and non-discrimination.
Focus:
An ethical framework to ensure that AI development respects human rights and democratic values.
An ethical framework to ensure that AI development respects human rights and democratic values.
UNESCO Guide on Ethics of AI:
In 2021, UNESCO adopted a Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, which sets out principles to ensure that AI is used in a manner that promotes human well-being, respects fundamental rights and protects cultural diversity. This framework is global and non-binding, but is the first of its kind adopted globally.
Focus:
An ethical and governance framework that advocates an AI focused on human beings and the protection of diversity.
An ethical and governance framework that advocates an AI focused on human beings and the protection of diversity.
World Economic Forum (WEF): Global AI Action Alliance:
The World Economic Forum (WEF) launched the Global AI Action Alliance (GAIA), which seeks to foster public-private collaboration in developing an ethical and reliable AI. GAIA reports provide guidance on how companies and governments can work together to ensure transparency, explicability and accountability in the use of AI.
Focus:
International collaboration for the development of an ethical AI involving both the private and public sectors.
International collaboration for the development of an ethical AI involving both the private and public sectors.
OECD Principles of Artificial Intelligence:
In 2019, the OECD also published the AI Principles, which serve as an international reference for responsible use of AI. These principles have been adopted by more than 40 countries and focus on promoting an AI that is safe, transparent and respectful of human rights.
Focus:
Promoting accountability, transparency and security in AI use at the global level.
Promoting accountability, transparency and security in AI use at the global level.
ITU Report: Global AI Governance Report:
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) published the Global AI Governance Report, which examines global efforts to regulate AI. This report highlights the importance of global coordination to avoid regulatory fragmentation and ensure that AI regulations are coherent and effective at the global level.
Focus:
Global coordination to avoid regulatory fragmentation and promote transparency and accountability in AI use.
Global coordination to avoid regulatory fragmentation and promote transparency and accountability in AI use.
ILO Guide: AI and Labour Rights:
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has developed guidelines on the use of AI in the workplace, focusing on the protection of labour rights and the impact of automation on employment. These guidelines highlight the importance of ensuring that automated decisions respect workers’ rights.
Focus:
Protection of labour rights in the context of AI and process automation.
Protection of labour rights in the context of AI and process automation.
As a conclusion:
The development of Artificial Intelligence and the need for responsible governance and privacy protection require normative and ethical frameworks at the global level. This report has compiled the main tools and manuals developed by key institutions such as OECD, EU, UNESCO, the World Economic Forum, ITU and ILO, highlighting that each contributes from a SINGLE but COMPLEMENTARY perspective.
This set of frameworks should NOT be seen as a series of INTERDEPENDENT tools, but as a REPOSITION of principles and guidelines that nations and companies can adopt or adapt to ensure that AI develops ethically and safely, respecting both human rights and local particularities. International cooperation and policy alignment will be essential to manage AI challenges and maximize its benefits to society.
